Platos Reflection on Metaphysics Essay Example for Free

Platos Reflection on Metaphysics Essay A combination of the Greek word, meta, which translates to â€Å"after,† â€Å"beyond,† â€Å"along with,† â€Å"among,† and â€Å"behind,† and the Latin term, physica, that simply means the science of matter and physical properties. Philosophers refer to this term to theorize about the different elements of the world in which we live and the world that truly exists. One of the most prominent philosophers is Plato, who set the foundation for many modern philosophers on their perspective of reality through reason. Plato believed in two separate realities; the physical and the immaterial. He claimed that a dividing line existed between the two worlds, and the immaterial or intelligible is of more importance in the discovery of truth than the physical properties of our world. Comprised of intangible properties but that can be seen through logic, the immaterial world is grasping the reason behind the idea of an object and separating those elements from the subject. Plato explicates the physical world as anything or objects that is identified by one of our five senses. Within the physical world are two subsets, image and tangible object. Image refers to the shadow or reflection of the image. In addition, the physical object is self explanatory; the object distinguished by touch, taste, smell, or sight. Although primarily disconnected, the two worlds cannot exist without each other and the knowledge that pertains to both. For example, Plato utilizes a ball as the subject to form an analogy of the collaboration between the two realities. From childhood, we are taught that a ball is a ball based on others perception and knowledge of it; not our original thought. The ball exists in the world of appearances, physical. However, its intangible properties such as, roundness, exist on a parallel plane. Plato describes that plane as the world of Forms. In an effort to further enlighten us, Plato sets guidelines for the properties to forms. First, forms are objective; ideas exist through reason and not experiential. Objects that we perceive are reliant upon our experiences and verbal confirmation of the object and not the actual perspective of the object. Therefore, one can surmise that our senses are isleading, and the reality in which we live is different from others and the true reality. Next, forms are transcendent. The property remains true in spite of time and space. Third, forms are eternal. As aforementioned, Plato believes forms are unchanging; true concept behind an object is unchanging, redness. The form is separate from our subjective image. True comprehension lies in individually analyzing each separate form that comprises the object an d identifies it as what we perceive it as. Forth, forms are models; truest essence of an idea to which an object copies the form and combines it with other elements to create a copied version of a sample of the form. Fifth, forms are intellectual species; can only be determined through reason separating the being from the object. Lastly, forms are perfection. In its purest state, a form is a singular entity. A material object collects bits of forms and its perfection making the object itself impure. A material object cannot be perfect in its existence because it is but an imitation of several forms that only alone are perfect. Plato’s concept of reality or the simultaneous existence of the two realities are at best intriguing and worthy of exploring. However, as he himself stated, we can never come in direct contact with the immaterial world. Therefore, how can true knowledge be acquired or ascertained? Once again, it is not until we are no longer part of this world that we may finally discover the truth behind this vast universe and the world or worlds in which we reside.

Exchanging Range of Fundamental Interactions

Exchanging Range of Fundamental Interactions 2-fctor change in the exchanging range of fundamental interactions S. S. Mortazavi, A. Farmany Department of Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran Abstract Minimal length uncertainty is used to study the fundamental interactions range. Both the quantum mechanical and the quantum gravitational effects are employed to calculate the range of exchanging interactions. It is shown that at the Planck scale, the range of interactions is 2- factor larger than the usual range of interactions. Introduction Study of unification of all fundamental interaction in the early universe is quite interesting problem in the both modern cosmology and quantum field theory point of view [1,2,3]. The modern scenario of the big bang cosmology at the early universe covered in the Weinberg’s First Three Minutes [4], and certain time regimes have been proposed with type of events as, before one Planck time, era of a Planck time, separation of the strong interaction, inflationary period, quark-antiquark period and finally the quark confinement. In this scenario, before the Planck time all of the four fundamental interactions are unified as one interaction etc [5]. Fundamental interactions are containing gravitation, electromagnetism, weak and strong interaction. However, because the effective QCD coupling is not small, performing a precise calculation f long-range strong interaction effects is problematic and we cannot use the perturbation theory [6]. At current analysis, the range of exchanging i nteraction [3] is calculated by taking into account the Heisenberg uncertainty principle that only considers the quantum effects. It is believed that the unification of fundamental interactions may accurse at the Planck regime. At the Planck regime, both the quantum and quantum gravitational effects are important. To have a complete analysis of exchanging interaction we must consider both quantum and quantum gravitational effects to our analysis. In this letter we have developed an approach related to the unification focusing on the effective range of interactions. Quantum field theory explains the exchanging of energy during the interactions via the interaction carriers, called bosons. The mechanism is based on the emitting particles which have no reality except to push or pull matter with the exchanging momentum. All fundamental interactions are involves the exchanging of one or more particles. For example the underlying color is involved an exchanging of particles labeled by gluo ns. Such exchanging interaction may be either attractive or repulsive, but is limited in the range by the nature of exchanging interaction that is constrained by the uncertainty principle. The separation of fundamental interactions in the early universe may be related to the separation of exchanging range of virtual particles based on the spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism [1-5]. Alternatively, this may be viewed as a mechanism to separation of fundamental interactions. For example the range of color interaction is the shortest range and the range of gravity is the longer range. But in the early universe or in a very high energy probe there is unification between fundamental interactions. To obtain a complete picture of the range of exchanging interactions in a high-energy probe, it is important to consider both the quantum mechanical and quantum gravitational effects, by imposing the minimal length uncertainty relation. The problem is related to consider the quantum gravity effects on the exchanging interactions range. To study the quantum gravity effects on the exchanging particles, we can use the minimal length uncertainty [6-9], (1) Where is the Planck length. Dividing both side of relation (1) to the speed of light, we obtain a deformed form of usual time energy uncertainty as [9], (2) Where is the Planck time. Putting the natural units as, eq. (2) reads, (3) Solving (3) to minimum energy we obtain, (4) Expanding (4) around t’=0, obtains, (5) The energy of interaction which involves the exchanging particles is constrained by the uncertainty principle. According to special relativity a particle with mass of m has a rest energy as. So in the exchanging process, the particle does not go outside the constraints of uncertainty principle, (6) Combining (5) and (6) we give, (7) Theoretically, the exchanging particle virtual particle cannot exceed the speed of light and cannot travel faster than the speed of light c times than lifetime. Since the maximum range of a interaction () would be (8) The r.h.s of relation (8) have two term, the first term is the usual range of exchanging interaction and is a new term, this new term is obtained from the correction based on the minimal length uncertainty analysis. An important problem in the standard model is study of the unification of all fundamental interactions at the Planck time. If the usual range of fundamental interactions was compared with the range of fundamental interactions at the Planck scale, w obtain a surprising result. According to (8) each interaction contains two ranges of exchanging, and. If , then eq. (8) reads the usual range as, R usual (9) At the Planck time when, eq. (8) reads, (10) Comparing (9) with (10) we have, R planck = 2 R usual (11) From (11) it may be concluded that at the Planck scale, the range of interactions is 2- factor larger than the usual range of interactions. Conclusion A complete picture of the range of fundamental interactions may be obtained considering both the quantum mechanical and quantum gravitational effects. Using minimal length uncertainty the range of exchanging virtual particles is calculated. As shown by (11) at the Planck regime, the range of interactions is 2- factor larger than usual one. It is found that in the exchanging process of fundamental interactions, the mass of the carrier interactions (bosons) is an effective parameter. References [1] S. R. Coleman and E. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. D7, 1888 (1973). [2] J. Goldstone, Nuovo Cim. 19, 154 (1961), J. Goldstone, A. Salam, and S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev.127, (1962) 965, J. Nambu and G. Jona-Lasinio, Phys. Rev. 122 (1961) 345. [3] H. B. Nielsen and S. Chadha, Nucl. Phys. B105, (1976) 445. [4] P. Gaete and E. I. Guendelman, Phys. Lett. B640, 201 (2006) P. Gaete, E. Guendelman, E. Spallucci, Phys. Lett. B649: 218-224, 2007 V. A. Miransky and I. A. Shovkovy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88,111601 (2002). T. Brauner, Phys. Rev. D72, 076002 (2005),J. van Wezel, J. van den Brink, arXiv:physics/0609177, H. Fritzsch, M. Spannowsky, Europhys.Lett. 75 (2006) 882-886, X. Calmet Eur. Phys. J. C, 28 (2003) 451-454 ; X.Calmet and J.F. Oliver hep-ph/0606209 (2006). [5] S. Glasho, H. Georgi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 32, 438 (1974), H. Fritzsch and P. Minkowski, Annals Phys. 93 (1975) 193; H. Georgi, in Particles and Fields, (AIP, New York, 1975). H. Georgi, H. R. Quinn and S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 33 (1974) 451. P. Cziffra, M. H. MacGregor, M. J. Moravcsik, H. P. Stapp, Phys. Rev. 114(1959)880 P. Signell, Phys. Rev. Lett. 5(1960)1474 J. Binstock, R. Bryan, Phys. Rev. D 4(1971)1341 J. L. Friar, B. F. Gibson, G. L. Payne Phys. Rev. C 30 (1984)1084, [6] P. V. Landshoff, Acta Physica Polonica B 39(2008)2063 [7] R. Adler, Mod. Phys. Lett .A 14 (1999)1371, R. Adler, P. Chen, D. Santiago, Gen. Rel. Grav. 33 (2001) 2101, A. Kempf, G. Managano, Phys. Rev. D 55 (1997) 7909, M. Maggior, Phys. Rev. D 49(1994)5182 , [8] S. Hossenfelder et al, Phys.Rev. D73 (2006) 105013, Phys.Lett. B632 (2006) 379-383 [9] A. Farmany. S. Abbasi, A. Naghipour, Phys. Lett. B 650(2007)33, ibid Erratum 659 (2008) 913

Negative Impact Of The Bauxite Mining Industry Environmental Sciences Essay

Negative Impact Of The Bauxite Mining Industry Environmental Sciences Essay This study is an investigation into the negative impact of the bauxite mining industry on the community of Myersville, St. Elizabeth. The research will entail: What are the negative impacts that the mining industry has on the community of Myersville? What are the effects of the negative impacts that the community is faced with? How can the negative impacts be alleviated? LITERATURE REVIEW According to Effects of Pollution by Scott Foresman, pollution is defined as the addition of any substance or form of energy to the environment at a rate faster than the environment can accommodate it by dispersion, decomposition, recycling, or storage in some harmless form. The processing of alumina at ALPART generates dust thus emitting caustic soda and other waste products such as red mud trailing and gases. Mr. Williams, personnel from the Rural Agricultural Development Authority (RADA) office in St. Elizabeth explained that certain tests have been conducted on crops in which they have ruled out diseases and insects and have pointed to the dust emanating from the bauxite mining plant located in Nain, St. Elizabeth, as the main cause of the problems affecting residents crops. Mc Farlene O.A (2000), a draft author on the internet, said the major environment problem caused by the industry is the disposal of the tailing, which forms an alkaline mud. These red mud lakes resulted in the percololation of caustic residues (sodium) into the underground aquifers in local areas. The environmental impact of Jamaicas bauxite mining symbolizes the majority of mining or heavy industrial operation. Bauxite mining, which is considered as surface mining, is land extensive, noisy and dusty. Mining pits are often interspersed within small rural communities, therefore requiring companies to relocate the people and or to monetarily compensate them. An increasing concern is the loss of habitat for Jamaicas unique plant and animal species; also bauxite mining severely affects the water retention capability of the soil. The Jamaica mining act of 1947 requires mines to remove top soil before mining, and restore it as part of the reclamation process. Two other environmental impact s of great concern is dust and caustic soda contamination. During a visit to ALPART port facility, economic officials observed a considerable amount of alumina spilled on the pier and a cloud of dust being carried downwind from loading equipment. It has been argued that the dust is chemically inert; however, it adversely affects the respiratory system, pollutes the residential cistern, and defaces property. The degradation of Jamaicas delicate coral reefs along its south coast is as a result of alumina spilling during ship loading. An article titled Tailing wash-out result in death in Jamaica (2005, September 7) stated that a remediate mine tailing area in Myersville, Jamaica became a water grave for five people on July 16,2005, when heavy rain from hurricane Emily washed their car off a road and over a precipice. According to Lance Neita, ALPARTs public relation manager, the bauxite mine which was dugged thirty years ago belongs to ALPART and had been restored, rehabilitated and certified. Jamaica National Work Agency (NWA) spokesman Stephen Shaw, said that erosion had taken place at the site and guard rails should have been installed. The author of the report concludes that the ALPART tradition has been to mute local protest rather than to eliminate the source of the environmental problem. There has been ongoing protest in Jamaica about the health and environment costs of the bauxite and alumina operation. The writer Rampersad Ramsawak ( 2005) states that industries pollute water in a variety of ways and that in the first instance chemical plants such as oil refining, ammonia and urea plants release waste such as sulphur oxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere. When it rains, the water becomes polluted with these chemicals thus forming acid rain. Acid rain contributes to fishes being killed in rivers and lakes; also the soil becomes acid and this stultifies the growth of plants and accelerates the corrosion of metalwork on buildings. Rampersad also said that noise pollution can be alleviated by the implementation of legislations which prohibits noise levels over 80 decibels in residential areas and also that persons should be educated on the effects of noise pollution. DATA COLLECTION Myersville is a developed community that has approximately two hundred (200) house holders. In order to collect accurate data for the survey, the researcher decided to use primary and secondary sources of data collection in the form of questionnaires, interviews, textbooks and newspaper articles. The issuing of questionnaires was one of the most suitable form of data collection because they require little time to be completed; responses are gathered in a standardized way; information can be collected from a large portion of a group; also respondents feel confident in disseminating information because confidentiality is guaranteed and last but not least questionnaires can be completed at the convenience of the respondents in a relatively quick way. In order to receive accurate information, it was calculated that approximately twenty (20) citizens inputs would be ideal. And these twenty (20) persons would account for 10% of the population of the two hundred (200) household members (10% of 200=20). These citizens were selected randomly by placing thirty (30) names in a box after which the box was energetically shaken and the twenty (20) names ascertained. Twenty three (23) questionnaires were prepared and handed out to residents, with three (3) being additional in case all were not completed. Upon the distribution of the questionnaires, residents were given a time frame of one (1) week in which to complete the questionnaires. However, at the end of the time frame given to residents, the researcher only needed twenty (20) out of the twenty three (23) that were issued. Alongside the questionnaires, interviews were conducted with some of the citizens who did not receive a questionnaire. The carrying out of interviews with the residents proved useful as the researcher was able to adapt the questions as necessary, clarify doubt, and ensure that the responses are properly understood by rephrasing and repeating the questions. The researcher could also pick up non verbal cues in detecting any form of discomfort, stress and problems that the respondent is experiencing. PRESENTATION OF DATA Figure 1: Column Bar chart showing that seventy five percent (75%) of the respondents live within 1 5 miles from the mining industry, ten percent (10%) live within 6 10, five percent (5%) live within 11- 15 and five percent (5%) live within16 miles and over. TYPES OF POLLUTION AFFECTING THE RESIDENTS Type of pollution Percentage of respondents Air pollution 15% Water Pollution 15% Land Pollution 10% Total 100% Noise Pollution 60% Table 1: Table showing that sixty percent (60%) of the respondents are affected by noise pollution, fifteen percent (15%) respectively is affected by air and water pollution and the remaining ten percent (10%) is affected by land pollution. Figure 2: Pyramid showing that sixty percent (60%) of the respondents are affected by pollution everyday, thirty-five percent (35%) is affected periodically and five percent (5%) is not affected any at all. Figure 3: The above pie chart depicts damages caused by pollution. Thirty five (35%) said it causes poor crop yield and infertile soil, thirty (30%) respectively said the water gets contaminated and animals are affected and five percent (5%) said it causes acid rain. Figure 4: Donut showing compensations received toward physical. Thirty five percent (35%) of the respondents say that the company refills the tank with clean water, twenty five (25%) said that the company replaces their roofing material twenty percent (20%) said that the company leases lands for farming, fifteen (15%) said that there is payment for property damage and five percent (5%) that there is no compensation. Table showing compensations received towards health Compensations Percentage of respondents Provide health cards 45% Ask citizens to bring medical bill to company 30% Relocate citizens 25% Deny responsibilities 0% Table 2 shows that the compensations received towards health are that the citizens are provided with health cards and a total of forty five percent (45%) said this, 30% said that the citizens are asked to bring the medical bill to the company; twenty five percent (25%) said that they relocate citizens and 0% said that they deny responsibilities. Figure 5: Pie chart showing that 100% of the respondents said that an anti-pollution method has been implemented. INTERPRETATION OF DATA This survey is to find out what are the negative impacts that the mining industry(ALPART) has on the citizens of Myersville, the effects of these negative impacts and how these negative impacts can be alleviated. Figure 1 illustrates that 15 out of 20 respondents live between 1 to 5 miles from the industry, two (2) live within 6-10 miles and 11 15 miles and one (1) live within 16 miles and over. Persons living within one to five (1 -5) miles may be as a result of the availability of resources such as fertile soil for farming. These persons who choose to live there because of the fertile soil for farming may be one that grows and sells food items for a living. Also, a persons job may have caused them to live within such a close proximity to the industry as it is easier for them to get to work from there as it more economical for them. Those who live within six to ten (6 10) miles may be because of inheritance and often times when lands are inherited persons do not bother to relocate, instead they live there and try to make themselves and their family members happy. The person living within eleven to fifteen (11 15) miles and sixteen (16) miles and over may be because they had no choice; tha t person not having any choice could be because they were in search of a plot of land on which to settle and build their house and this plot of land that they came upon was of a reasonable price so the person just went ahead and bought it. Not having any choice could also be that that person was brought up in that community and when they came of age in which they could move out, they did not have the necessary resources such as money to move out and get on with their life. The types of pollution were depicted by figure 2. Noise pollution, having the most percentage, a total of sixty percent (60%) results from the heavy duty machines when they are extracting bauxite from the earth. Very loud noises accompany these machines when they are in use and noise can be very disturbing whether you are near or far away from it. Noise most times poses as a hindrance in one getting enough rest; hence, this results in frustration. Fifteen percent (15%) of the respondents are affected by air pollution, this may be so because of the dust that is uprooted during the processing of the bauxite; dust would be one of the main causes of air pollution. Water pollution is affected by fifteen percent (15%) of the respondents. This can be as a result of the chemical and dust that is in the air. In addition, it also results from oil spillage from ships that are docking in the harbor. Only ten percent (10%) stated that they are affected by land pollution. Land pollution is caused by debris that is washed on to the land and by negligent people who dispose of their garbage inappropriately. Also, in open cast mining, huge holes are dug in the ground and these form dangerously deep mining pools. A lot of mining waste is left behind and these waste often contain several poisonous substances that seep into underground water. Sixty percent (60%) of the respondents said that they are affected every day. This is so because of the close proximity that they live to the mining industry. This would be within the distance range of one to five (1 5) miles. Thirty-five percent (35%) stated that they are affected periodically; this means that they are affected occasionally. In addition, these residents who are affected may be live within the range of six to fifteen (6- 15) miles. And this distance is much further away from the industry so the residents would not be affected as often as those who live at a closer proximity to the industry. Five (5%) percent is not affected any at all. These residents who are not affected would be those who are living sixteen (16) miles and over. Thirty five percent (35%) from figure 4 suggested that poor crop yield was one of the major damages caused by pollution; this would be due to the fact that there is a removal of the topsoil during the extraction of bauxite. The topsoil contains all the essential nutrients needed for plant growth. Also, acid rain washes away nutrients from the topsoil, thus making it infertile. Residents say that animals are affected and there is a contamination of water. These responses account for thirty percent (30%) of the respondents respectively. Water becomes contaminated by the excessive dust and other impurities that are in the atmosphere and when consumed can cause great harm to the body. The contamination of water, removal of trees and pastures contributes to the loss of biodiversity. Acid rain being five percent (5%) affects residents infrastructure by corroding metals, burning up plants, affecting animals and contaminating drinking water. There was some compensation that the Myersville community members receive towards physical damages. Among these compensations, the refilling of water tanks with clean water was the highest, having a total of thirty five percent (35%). This is so because the water is contaminated by acid rain and other impurities that are in the air and knowing that water is one of the basic necessities for survival, the industry therefore ensures that the residents have clean water for consumption. Twenty-five percent (25%) of the residents says that the industry replaces roofing materials. Here it can be seen that the industry takes responsibility for damages done to residents roofing materials. These damages done to roof is said to have been caused by acid rain. Another compensation that the industry offers is paying for property damage, as was said by fifteen (15%) of the respondents. Property damages could also have been caused by acid rain, as it causes the paint on buildings to strip. Five perc ent (5%) said that no compensation was given; this could be as a result of them not having any evidence to prove to the industry that the industry affects them in some way. These persons could also have been those who live at a far distance away from the industry. Not only is compensation given towards physical damages but also it is given towards residents health. A number of health problems that residents face are asthma attacks, lung cancer, allergies, difficulty breathing. Furthermore, a resident that was interviewed gave the response that the administration of the industry causes sinus irritation and bronchitis. As a result of these ailments, forty five percent (45%) of the respondents said that they are given health cards as a means of reducing the cost of medications. Thirty percent (30%) of the respondents said that they are asked to bring their medical prescription to the company. This serves as a means of proving that the industry does have a negative impact on residents health. Another compensation offered towards residents health is that the company relocates them. This would be for residents who are vulnerable to the negative impacts that the administration of the industry poses on their health (mainly the elderly). Residents neve r gave a response to the industry denying their responsibilities. This goes to show that the company is aware of different health issues that persons experience overtime due to the production process that is undertaken by the industry. One hundred percent (100%) of the respondents including those from the interview said that there has been an implementation of an anti-pollution method. One of the interviewee said that this may take the form of the industry reducing working hours, oiling and wetting the roads to reduce excess dust; also the company relocates residents that are at risk of being affected by the running of the company. FINDINGS After receiving the responses from the questionnaire and interview, it can be seen that pollution is a major problem although the industry is trying to alleviate it. Myersville is affected by pollution resulting from the Alpart mining industry. The researcher found out that there are three (3) major types of pollution affecting the residents, namely: noise, air, and water with noise being the most unbearable one as stated by sixty percent (60%) of the residents in table 1. It was also found out that residents that live relatively close to the industry are affected every day. Discovery was made that damages caused by the pollution are as follows: infertile soil, contaminated water and animals are affected with infertile soil being the highest, a total of 35%. This is evident in figure 3. Compensations are given towards physical damages in the form of replacing of roofing materials, refilling of water tanks with clean water, and leasing lands for farming. However, refilling tanks with clean water accounts for the highest percentage (35%) and this can be seen in figure 4. Not only there are compensations given towards physical damages but also towards health. These compensations include provision of health cards and asking the residents to bring medical bills to the company. But out of the two, the provision of the health cards is the highest with a percentage of (45%) as can be seen in table 2. Upon the completion of the project, the researcher found out that there has been an implementation of an anti-pollution method. The smoke and dust that is emitted from the industry during the production process causing air and water pollution. The noise and the poor disposal of solid waste have also caused land and noise pollution, these pollution have caused infrastructural, agricultural, environmental and health problems to citizens on a regular basis. Before the company takes responsibility for the effects that the company has on residents, they investigate to get proof that the damage was really caused by the industry. RECOMMENDATONS During the investigation, the researcher found out that the industry is trying to alleviate the problem; however, the researcher would recommend the following measures; Before the commencing of work on a daily basis the road should be wet or oiled so as to reduce excess dust; this should also be done on days when there is no work in progress. The company should practice afforestation and reafforestation; this will help to reduce noise pollution and soil erosion. The company could provide residents with reservoirs that is free from pollutants and is properly covered; the aim behind this is to ensure that resident always have a clean supply for consumption. Residents could be provided with ear protectors and dust masks so as to dampen the level of noise and lessen the harmful effect it poses on ones hearing ability and to lessen their intake of dust. Also, the industry could contribute to the development of the community in education by establishing an early childhood institution and also community centers; also they can assist school children with financial assistance. The National Environment and Planning Agency (NEPA) is responsible for the implementation of programmes to ensure that air pollution is controlled. Therefore, what they could do is to monitor Alparts operation in order to ensure that excess dust is not being emitted from the industry that poses as a threat to ones health.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Essays -- Biography

Biography of Franklin Delano Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt, popularly known as FDR, was born on January 30, 1882 at the family estate in Hyde Park, New York. His father, James, graduated from Harvard Law School, married, had a son, and took over his family?s rights in coal and transportation. Despite the fact that he lost a good deal of money in financial gambles, he remained wealthy enough to travel by private railroad car, to live comfortably on his Hudson River estate at Hyde Park, and to travel at length. After his first wife died, James waited four years to remarry to Sara Delano, a sixth cousin. She was also a member of the Hudson River aristocracy, and although she was only half of James? 52 years, she settled into their Hyde Park estate quite comfortably. The marriage worked well until it was broken by James? death in 1900. Young Franklin Roosevelt had a secure and pleasant childhood. His half-brother was already an adult when Franklin was born, and so he had no rival for the attention of his parents. During the summer months he would travel with his parents to Europe, to the seaside in New England, or to Campobello Island off the coast of New Brunswick, where he developed a love for the ocean and sailing. Until the age of 14 FDR received his education from private tutors. FDR?s most lasting educational experience was at Groton School in Massachusetts, which he attended from 1896 to 1900. Groton?s headmaster, Reverend Endicott Peabody, instilled the virtue of public service in Franklin, and this would be something that he would carry with him throughout his life. At Groton FDR was not academically outstanding, nor did he gain vast popularity,? Franklin struggled to fit in?but he was only a spindly five f... ...peril. But both did so while at the same time holding free elections in which their opponents might have won the office. Through vast national support, Roosevelt was able to rekindle America?s spirit in itself, ?A man who could not walk became president of a country that had lost hope. With a simple set of beliefs- a belief that things could be improved, a belief in the Democratic process- he transmitted his own confidence to the nation? (Morgan 772). And the nation followed his lead. Bibliography: Works Cited Davis, Kenneth S. FDR: The War President 1940-1943. New York: Random House, 2000. Miller, Nathan. FDR: An Intimate History. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1983. Morgan, Ted. FDR: A Biography. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985. Robinson, Edgar Eugene. The Roosevelt Leadership 1933-1945. New York: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1955.

Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Essay -- Essays on Eating Disorde

  Ã‚   Imagine starving yourself to the point of death. Imagine throwing up repeatedly after every meal. This may seem too harsh of a reality to comprehend, but between 30-60% of all United States females are on calorie restrictive diets. (Reel, 3) These diets eventually lead to obsessions about their desired weight and often result in an eating disorder. The two most prevalent disorders today are; Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. Bulimia Nervosa affects 2 to 3 % of all women 15 to 40. Many young women between middle and high school develop often these bad habits to cope with the insecurities developing around them. These two disorders are affecting individuals younger and younger each year. Anorexia generally begins between 12 and 20 and coincides with the beginning and ending of high school. Recent studies have shown that Bulimia tends to affect 5% of all high school girls. (Levine, 132-4) These girls either have a serious Bulimic disorder or have routine weekly binges. Why are eating disorders so prevalent among young women? This question plagues many teachers, parents, and even friends of victims. There are many controversial causes surrounding this very question. Three major causes seem to dominate the minds of researchers worldwide. One's family factors and social scene ultimately effect one's psychological factors, which could eventually lead into the development of a serious eating disease. Each of these factors tend to effect everyone differently, but from various research they all have the same outcome; an eating disorder.    Bulimia, or "ox hunger", is a disease characterized by abnormal increases in hunger whereby an individual binges rapidly, then attempts to undo the effects by vomiting, taking laxatives,... ... Every disease can be cured with love and patience. With these eating disorder patients life has seemed to treat them wrong, all they need is some reassurance that everything will turn out fine.    Works Cited Ask NOAH about Mental Health. "Eating Disorders: Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa." http://noah.cuny.edu/wellconn/eatdisorders.html How Serious Are Eating Disorders (16 March 1999) Berg, Frances M. Afraid to Eat. Hettinger: Healthy Weight Journal, 1997. Costin, Carolyn. Your Dieting Daughter, Is She Dying for Attention? New York: Brunner/Mazel Publishers, 1997. Eating Disorders Recovery Group. "Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Who's the Fattest of Them All?" http://www.mirror-mirror.org/eatdis.html (17 March 1999) Levine, Michael P. Student Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia. Washington: National Education Association, 1987

Batayang Konseptwal

Element Arrangement The elements show a periodic recurrence of chemical and physical properties when they are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. Elements in the same vertical column are known as groups and the horizontal rows of elements are called periods. All elements in a specific group have equivalent outermost, or valence electron, configurations which accounts for the similarity in the number and type of chemical bonds these elements form. In moving from element to element across a period or down a group, chemical and physical properties change gradually. Most of the elements are metals that chemically tend to lose electrons and form positive ions. The relatively few nonmetals appear in the upper right-hand section of the chart except for hydrogen. The nonmetals have a tendency to react chemically with metals and gain electrons to form negative ions. Nonmetals often bond to each other by forming covalent bonds. Alkali Metals: Highly reactive elements that combine with many nonmetals to form ionic solids (salts). They also form compounds with oxygen that dissolve in water to create solutions that are strongly basic (alkaline). Alkaline Earth Metals: Very reactive elements that form ionic compounds with nonmetals. Many of their oxygen compounds are found in deposits in the ground. Transition Metals: Generally less reactive than the alkali and alkaline earth metals, these elements vary in physical and chemical properties. Many form important alloys with one another and other metals. Several of the transition elements can form more than one positive ion. For example, iron can form more than one compound with a given nonmetal since it exists as two different ions, Fe 2+ and Fe 3+. Lanthanides: Series of transition elements between lanthanum (La) and hafnium (Hf). These elements are found together in nature and they are similar chemically. Actinides: Series of transition elements between actinium (Ac) and rutherfordium (Rf). Many can be prepared in minute quantities only. They tend to form insoluble compounds. Noble Gases: Elements exhibit limited chemical reactivity though the heavier noble gases show degrees of reactivity. These elements have generally complete electron shells. Halogens: Reactive elements that form compounds known as halides. Several halogens including chlorine, fluorine and iodine, have important applications in everyday life. Other Metals: Also referred to as post transition metals. Aluminum is the most abundant metal on earth. Lead, tin and mercury have industrial uses. Other Nonmetals: Includes chemically reactive elements important for life on the planet, such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous. Photography is the art, science and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film. [ The camera is the image-forming device, and photographic film or a silicon electronic image sensor is the sensing medium. The respective recording medium can be the film itself, or a digital electronic or magnetic memory. [4] Photographers control the camera and lens to â€Å"expose† the light recording material (such as film) to the required amount of light to form a â€Å"latent image† (on film) or â€Å"raw file† (in digital cameras) which, after appropriate processing, is converted to a usable image. Digital cameras use an electronic image sensor based on light-sensitive electronics such as charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The resulting digital image is stored electronically, but can be reproduced on paper or film.

Being Punctual

There are a lot of reasons to be on time for work. First of all is because it’s an inconvenience for me and the people I work with. When I am late I hold back my coworkers. Being late shows disrespect to the people I work for, and to the United States Marine Corps. It is important to be on time to show that I respect what I do and that I am ready for the day. By being on time I can focus more on the tasks at hand instead of stressing about the reasons why I was late. It also keeps me from having to play catch up. Being late also hurts others. When I am late they have to wait for me and it puts others behind as well. Being late is a sign of laziness. I do not feel that I am lazy, and I do not want to give off signs that I am. I take pride in that I am usually early. I think being on time is important so that I can focus on my work and get what I need done. I like to be prepared and ready for the day, and being late messes my routine, as well as everyone else’s up. Being late not only hurts my job, but me as an individual. I will lose the respect of my coworkers and it will hurt my chances of being promoted in the future. That will also affect my family. Being late is not something that I plan to make a habit of. I plan to teach my daughter the importance of being on time to school, work and anywhere else she goes. As a Corporal in the United States Marine Corps it is my responsibility to set the example for everyone around me. If I am late on a regular basis it will make those below me think that it is acceptable when it is not. By being late it shows poor leadership, bad initiative, and weakness to my peers. As an NCO in charge of funeral details it is important to be on time to the funerals. If I am late to a funeral I can cause more distress to the family that is already grieving their lost loved one. I wouldn’t appreciate it if I hired a worker who was repeatedly late so I don’t want to be that inconvenience for anyone else. It is very important that I make it to my appointments on time as well as coming in to work; it should not be any different between appointments or work. If I do not come into work on time it can make my senior noncommissioned officers worried because I have not checked in or called with information on where I am at, if I am hurt or if there was an emergency that I needed to take my wife or daughter to the hospital. I understand that if I do not take control by waking up on time that it becomes a habit that will be hard to break and cause me to get into serious trouble or even get me reduced in rank. If I am to fix this problem I must irst figure out what is making me sleep in, then I must do whatever I can to fix this problem by ensuring that it does not happen anymore to me or my fell marines. As the training noncommissioned officer it is my responsibility to ensure everyone’s training is up to date and everything is stored properly, I cannot do that if I walk in the door late because everyone is waiting for me which will make my staff noncommissioned officers pissed off at me. Their being mad at me will make work even harder for all of us. I do not want to make excuses for why I was late. I know that it was my fault. In the future I will try my hardest not to be late again. I will make sure every night that my alarm clock is set as well as the alarm on my phone. I will wake up early and be at work early and put in all the effort I can.